Mendengarkan Gaya Musik Rhythm n Blues dan Pengalaman Relaksasi
Abstract
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh mental melalui pengalaman relaksasi seseorang ketika mendengarkan musik dengan gaya aransemen Rhythm n Blues. Selama ini banyak penelitian terkait musik tidak lagi hanya dalam konteks musikologis tetapi sudah berorientasi pada manfaat baik bagi pelaku aktif atau pendengar pasif. Sehingga perspektif musik atau seni pada umumnya saat ini sudah berkembang sedemikian rupa hingga tidak lagi berorientasi pada seni untuk seni. Model tema penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari penguatan dan pengumpulan bukti saintifik guna pengembangan psikoterapi musik yang banyak diimplementasikan dalam bidang terapi musik.
Secara teoretis, paparan terhadap musik tidak hanya akan memunculkan familiaritas atas sebuah lagu atau karya musik tanpa lirik, tetapi juga membentuk kegemaran (liking) pendengar sebagai akibat dari respons emosi terhadap musik tersebut. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari peran ekspektasi dari efek kehadiran rasa puas serta kesan plesantness dan unpleasantness bagi pendengar yang memicu efek positif-negatif sebuah musik terhadap emosi. Selain itu, respons emosi seseorang terhadap rangsang stimulus juga tidak terlepas dari kerja sistem saraf pusat yang dapat berimplikasi pada reaksi fisiologis. Salah satu reaksi fisiologis yang sering kali dijadikan acuan dalam aplikasi musik untuk terapi dan bersifat terapeutik adalah kerja sistem saraf otonom (autonomic nervous system; selanjutnya disebut ANS).
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan kuasi eksperimen yang membandingkan kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Subjek di kelompok eksperimen adalah mahasiswa musik dari berbagai instrumen mayor, sedangkan subjek di kelompok kontrol adalah mahasiswa non-musik dengan berbagai latar belakang studi dengan total sampel sebanyak N=78. Usia subjek berada di rentang 17-27 tahun (=20,5±1,53). Subjek mendengarkan rekaman repertoar musik Barok yang dimainkan oleh piano dan sudah diaransemen ulang dalam format band-kombo. Kemudian pengukuran kondisi relaksasi dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner yang aitemnya mengukur indikator kerja sistem syaraf parasimpatetik dan indikator psikis berupa state anxiety. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan pengalaman rilaksasi yang signifikan di antara kedua kelompok baik melalui indikator ANS(tANS=.502, p=.617) maupun indikator psikir (tpsikis=1.38, p=.172)
Kata kunci: gaya musik; rhythm n blues; relaksasi; musikologis; autonomic nervous system
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research is to identify the effect of listening to RnB music to the experience of relaxation. Due to the increasing number of research in music and its benefit to the listeners, current researches tent to go over music beyond its trait as an art. These research themes and models are beneficial to be implemented in music theraphy in the long run. Focusing on the comparison between original and arranged music to different group of listeners, the present research explored the observable indicators of relaxation through the symptoms of parasympathetic nervous system and anxiety state. Two groups of subjects ranging of 17-27 years old (mean=20,5±1,53) divided into control and experiment group. The control group listened to the original Minuet in G major by J. S. Bach meanwhile the experiment group listened to the arranged version of this piece in RnB style. The data was collected though online survey to collect the demography, anxiet state, and relaxation state both phisically and psychologycally. The result showed no significant difference between the two subject groups in terms of relaxation state both physically (tANS=.502, p=.617) and psychologycally (tpsikis=1.38, p=.172)
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24821/resital.v25i1.13307
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