Pendekatan Orff-schulwerk: Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengajar Calon Guru di Taman Kanak-Kanak
Abstract
Topik dalam artikel ini akan memfokuskan pada penerapan pendekatan Orff-schulwerk bagi mahasiswa sebagai calon-calon guru di sekolah, termasuk TK. Orff-schulwerk dapat dipandang sebagai suatu pendekatan dalam pendidikan musik. Dalam hubungannya dengan pendidikan dasar, pendekatan ini memfokuskan pada kebutuhan anak dan menumbuhkembangkan musikalitas setiap anak melalui aktivitas-aktivitas dasar (elemental) dalam musik dan gerakan. Pertanyaan yang dikemukakan dalam artikel ini adalah: 1) pendekatan Orff-schulwerk seperti apa yang digunakan calon guru untuk pembelajaran di TK?, 2) manfaat apa saja yang dapat diperoleh calon guru melalui penerapan pendekatan Orff-schulwerk dalam proses pembelajaran?, dan 3) bagaimana calon guru memahami peranan guru dalam pembelajaran di tingkat TK dengan pendekatan Orff-schulwerk?. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan. Penemuan dalam penelitian ini adalah para calon guru memahami bahwa: 1) pendekatan Orff-schulwerk yang dapat digunakan berhubungan dengan eksplorasi – imajinasi – kreasi yang melibatkan musik dan gerakan, 2) pendekatan ini bermanfaat untuk menumbuhkembangkan musikalitas siswa dalam proses pembelajaran di TK, dan 3) calon guru yang menerapkan pendekatan ini berperan sebagai fasilitator yang dapat menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang menstimuli imajinasi dan kreasi siswa. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pendekatan Orff-schulwerk sebaiknya dikuasai oleh para calon guru yang mengajar di sekolah, termasuk TK. Dengan dimilikinya pemahaman atas pendekatan ini, baik secara teoretis maupun praktis, para calon guru tidak hanya meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka untuk menstimuli imajinasi dan kreativitas siswa TK dengan musik dan gerakan, tetapi juga mendukung tercapainya tujuan pendidikan nasional, yaitu pembentukan karakter siswa di sekolah.
The Approach of Orff-Schulwerk for Prospective Music Teachers in Kindergarten Schools. The topic in this article focuses on the application of Orff-schulwerk for university students as prospective teachers in school, including kindergarten. Orff-schulwerk can be seen as an approach to music education. In related to primary education, this approach focuses on the children needs and develops children musicality through necessary activities (elemental) in music and movement. Some questions in this article are: 1) what kind of Orff-schulwerk that can be used by prospective teachers in the learning process at kindergarten? 2) what benefits can be obtained by teacher candidates through the application of the Orff-schulwerk approach? And 3) how do prospective teachers who use this approach can understand their role in learning? The method used in this study is action research. The findings in this research are prospective teachers understand that: 1) Orff-schulwerk can be used in related to exploration – imagination – creation that involving music and movement; 2) this approach is useful for developing student musicality in the learning process in kindergarten; and 3) in this approach, prospective teachers are acted as facilitators who can create an atmosphere of learning that stimulate students’ imagination and creation. This study concludes that the Orff-schulwerk approach should be mastered by prospective teachers who teach in schools, including kindergarten. By having an understanding of this approach, both theoretically and practically, prospective teachers not only enhance their knowledge but also support the national education goals, namely the students’ character building in schools.
Keywords: Orff-Schulwerk; music education; kindergarten teachers
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24821/resital.v20i2.2591
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