Efek Reinstrumentasi Karya Organ Js. Bach Melalui Alih Timbre Terhadap Selera Musik

Djohan Djohan, Asep Hidayat Wirayudha, Aghisna Indah Mawarni

Abstract


As today teenagers have less appreciation for instrumental works from Baroque era, the objective of this research is to identify the indicators their music preference through timbre shifting of the musical instrument. In the context of the creative economy, this will open opportunities for art music to compete in the music industry. Music has been studied and observed for centuries, and even today, the works of great composers are associated with timeless creations. One factor that has contributed to the continued existence of music is its strong reliance on conductors during performances, especially when presented in orchestral format involving dozens of supporting musicians. Generally, not only do audiences watch a stage filled with musicians, but they also listen to the works of composers in various timbres. Some musics are performed in the form of solo, duet, or as ensemble. However, the challenge for musicians is that the majority of society do not understand art music well due to lack of knowledge and the prevalence of easily accepted popular music. It occurs because music education still upholds the tradition of classifying music into high and low art according to European concepts. Art music carries musicological elements rooted in mathematical discipline, which implicitly requires audiences to have a background in music knowledge, even during performances. In Indonesia, which is currently developing and strengthening its creative economy, creative breakthroughs are needed to make art music more popular and have a positive impact on musicians. In this study, the author implemented a quantitative method with a one-posttest design approach. The sample consisted of teenagers studying art music. The total sample was N=100, consisting of students in music performance vocational program who were given treatment by listening to a recorded toccata in D minor by JS Bach played on the organ and re-instrumented using the electric guitar, electric bass, and synthesizer. The results reveal that the subjects' preference for rock music is significantly influenced by personal preference with p<0.05. Particularly, the predictor of preference has a coefficient of R 0.900 with an R2 of 0.809, indicating that preference contributes 80.9% to the variability of the preferences. Therefore, it can be concluded that the renewing instrumentaion of Baroque music by shifting timbre of electric instruments with rock sensation has an influence on the musical preference of today youth. It happens especially when the ornamentation, one of the characteristic of Baroque music, is played with forte dynamic and blended technique, resulting in piercing and swinging sounds as an effect of electric guitar distortion.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi indikator selera musik remaja masa kini yang kurang menyukai karya instrumental era Barok (musik seni) melalui rekayasa warna suara (timbre) alat musiknya. Karena dalam konteks ekonomi kreatif akan membuka peluang musik seni untuk berkompetisi dalam dunia industri musik. Selama ini musik seni telah berabad lamanya dipelajari dan ditekuni hingga saat ini bahkan karya-karya para komponis besar diasosiasikan dengan karya abadi. Salah satu faktor yang menjadikan eksistensi musik seni hingga sekarang adalah karena dalam pertunjukkannya sangat dipengaruhi oleh konduktor. Terutama sekali jika karya tersebut dipertunjukkan dalam format orkestra yang melibatkan puluhan musisi pendukung. Di satu sisi secara visual selain menyaksikan panggung penuh dengan musisi juga mendengarkan karya para komponis dalam berbagai macam warna suara. Sementara di sisi lain, ada musik seni yang dimainkan secara solo, duet atau kelompok (musik kamar). Pada kenyataannya, tantangan musisi musik seni adalah karena sebagian besar masyarakat tidak paham musik seni baik karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan maraknya musik industri yang jauh lebih mudah dicerna. Hal ini terjadi karena dalam pendidikan musik seni pun masih mempertahankan tradisi seni tinggi sesuai dengan sumbernya di Eropah. Musik seni memiliki muatan musikologi yang berasal dari disiplin matematika sehingga dalam bentuk pertunjukanpun secara implisit mensyaratkan audiens memiliki latar belakang pengetahuan musik. Indonesia yang sedang mengembangkan serta memperkuat ekonomi kreatif maka diperlukan terobosan kreatif agar musik seni dapat semakin digemari sehingga membawa dampak positif bagi musisi musik seni. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan one posttest design only dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja yang sedang belajar musik seni. Total sampel sebanyak N=100 terdiri dari mahasiswa program vokasi penyajian musik yang diberi intervensi dengan mendengarkan rekaman toccata in d-minor karya JS Bach untuk alat musik organ dan yang sudah direinstrumentasi menggunakan alat musik gitar, bas elektrik dan synthesizer. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa selera subjek terhadap musik rock secara signifikan lebih ditentukan oleh preferensi pribadi dengan p<0.05. Terutama dengan prediktor preferensi yang memiliki koefisien R 0.900 dengan R2 0.809 sehingga preferensi memberi sumbangsih sebanyak 80.9% terhadap variabilitas selera. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa reinstrumentasi musik barok menggunakan warna suara instrumen elektrik dengan sensasi rock memiliki pengaruh terhadap selera musik subjek remaja. Terutama sekali ketika pada bagian ornamentasi sebagai ciri khas musik barok dibunyikan dalam dinamika forte dengan teknik blend sehingga terdengar melengking dan mengayun sebagai efek dari suara distorsi gitar elektrik.


Keywords


reinstrumentation; baroque; rock; timbre; electric guitar

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adam J Lonsdale. (2020). Musikal Taste, In- Group Favoritism, and Social Identity Theory: Re-Testing The Predictions of The Self-Esteem Hypothesis. 49(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356198991

Adorno, T.W. & Horkheimer, M. (2002). Dialectic of Enlightenment. California: Stanford University Press.

Adorno. (1991). The Culture Industri. London: Routledge.

Anglada-Tort, M., And Müllensiefen, D. (2017). The Repeated Recording Illusion: The Effects of Extrinsic and Individual Difference Factors on Musikal Judgments. Musik Percept, 35, 94–117. https://doi.org/10.1525/mp.2017.35.1.94

Bonneville-Roussy, A., Rentfrow, P. J., Xu, M. K., And Potter, J. (2013). Music Through The Ages: Trends in Musikal Engagement and Preferences from Adolescence through Middle Adulthood. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 105, 703–717. https://doi.org/10.1037/A003377.

Born G, Lewis E, S. W. (eds. (2017). Improvisation and Social Aesthetics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press Books.

Brackett, D. (2016). Categorizing Sound: Genre and Twentieth-Century Popular Musik. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Brackett D. (2016). Categorizing Sound: Genre and Twentieth-Century Popular Music. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.

Bull A. (2019). Class, Control and Classical Music. New York: Oxford University Press.

Bull A, S. C. (2017). ‘McDonalds’ Music’ Versus ‘Serious Music’: How Production and Consumption Practices Help to Reproduce Class Inequality in the Classical Musik p283- rofession. Cultural Sociology, 283–301.

Burland, K., and Pitts, S. (eds). (2014). Coughing and Clapping: Investigating Audience Experience. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Group.

Fischinger, T., Kaufmann, M., and Schlotz, W. (2020). If it’s Mozart, it Must be Good? The Influence of Textual Information and Age on Musical Appreciation. Psychol. Musik, 48, 579–597. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735618812216.

Gembris, H., and Menze, J. (2020). “Between Audience Decline and Audience Development: Perspectives on The Professional Musikian, Musik Education, and Cultural Policy,” in Classical Concert Studies: A Companion to Contemporary Research and Performance, ed. M. Tröndle (Milton Park: Routledge), 211–226. https://doi.org/10.4324/978 1003013839-26.

Gerry Wahyu Dewatara, S. M. A. (2019). Pemasaran Musik pada Era Digital Digitalisasi Industri Musik dalam Industri 4.0 Di Indonesia. Wacana Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komunikasi, 18(1).

Herman, Ridwin Purba,Nguyen Van Thao, A. P. (2020). Using Genre-based Approach to Overcome Students’ Difficulties in Writing. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 7(4).

Ibrahim, I. S. (2011). Budaya Populer Sebagai Komunikasi. Cetakan ke-II. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.

IFPI. (2020). IFPI Issues Annual Global Music Report. Available online at: https://www.ifpi.org/ifpi-issues-annual-global-music-report/.

Kulczynski, A., Baxter, S., and Young, T. (2016). Measuring Motivations for Popular Music Concert Attendance. Event Manage., 20, 239– 254. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599516X 1464 367 4421816

Leder, H., and Nadal, M. (2014). Ten Years of a Model of Aesthetic Appreciation and Aesthetic Judgments: The Aesthetic Episode - Developments and Challenges in Empirical Aesthetics. Br. J. Psychol., 105, 443–464.

Margulis, E., Kisida, B., And Greene, J. (2015). a Knowing Ear: The Effect of Explicit Information on Children’s Experience of a Musikal Performance. Psychol. Musik, 43, 596–605. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735613510343

McQuail, D. (2012). Teori Komunikasi Massa. Edisi ke-6. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.

Menninghaus, W., Wagner, V., Hanich, J., Wassiliwizky, E., Kuehnast, M., and Jacobsen, T. (2015). Towards a Psychological Construct of being Moved. PLoS One 10:E0128451. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128451.

Menninghaus, W., Wagner, V., Wassiliwizky, E., Schindler, I., Hanich, J., Jacobsen, T., et al. (2019). What are Aesthetic Emotions? Psychol. Rev., 126, 171–195. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000135

Mochamad Hanif Akhyar & Denny Indrayana Setyadi. (2019). Perancangan Konten Digital Perkembangan Musik Indonesia Era 50an (1950-1959) sebagai Penunjang Pengembangan Situs Museum Musik Indonesia. Vol. 8, No. 2, 2337-3520 (2301- 928X Print). Jurnal Sains Dan Seni ITS., 8(2).

Mochamad Hanif Akhyar dan Denny Indrayana Setyadi. (2019). Perancangan Konten Digital Perkembangan Musik Indonesia Era 50an (1950-1959) sebagai Penunjang Pengembangan Situs Museum Musik Indonesia. Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS, 8(2), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print).

North, A. C., and Hargreaves, D. J. (2008). The Social and Applied Psychology of Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567424.001.0001.

North, A. C., Hargreaves, D. J., And O’Neill, S. (2000). The Importance of Music to Adolescents. Br. J. Educ. Psychol., 70, 255–272. https://doi.org/10. 1348/000709900158083

Nurly Meilinda, Caesar Giovanni, N. T. & S. L. (2021). Resistensi Musisi Independen terhadap Komodifikasi dan Industrialisasi Musik di Indonesia. P-ISSN: 1907-848X, E-ISSN: 2548-7647 Volume 16, Nomor 1, Hal 77-88. Jurnal Komunikasi, 16(1), 77–88.

Pelowski, M., Markey, P. S., Lauring, J. O., and Leder, H. (2016). Visualizing the Impact of Art: an Update and Comparison of Current Psychological Models of Art Experience. Front. Hum. Neurosci.

Radbourne, Jennifer, Hilary Glow, A. K. J. (2014). The Value Of “Being There”: How The Live Experience Measures Quality For The Audience’, In Burland, Karen And Stephanie Pitts. Coughing And Clapping: Investigating Audience Experience. Farnham: Ashgate.

Rebstock, M. (2020). “Strategies for the production of presence,” in Classical Concert Studies: A Companion to Contemporary Research and Performance, ed. M. Tröndle (Milton Park: Routledge), 134–140. https://doi. org/10.4324/9781003013839-16.

Reuband, K.-H. (2018). Die Neustrukturierung der Altersbeziehung Kultureller Partizipation Ein Langzeitvergleich Bundesweiter Bevölker¬ungsumfragen. Kultur Manage, 4, 23–52.

Roselt, J. (2020). “4’33”: The Concert as a Performative Moment,” in Classical Concert Studies: A Companion to Contemporary Research and Performance, Ed. M. Tröndle (Milton Park: Routledge), 34–39.

Sachs K, D. C. (2020). Counterpoint. In: Root DL (ed.) Grove Musik Online. New York: Oxford University Press.

Sakrie, D. (2015). 100 Tahun Musik Indonesia. Gagas Media.

Salimpoor, V. N., Benovoy, M., Larcher, K., Dagher, A., And Zatorre, R. J. (2011). Anatomically Distinct Dopamine Release During Anticipation and Experience of Peak Emotion to Music. Nat. Neurosci., 14, 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1038/Nn.272.

Scharff C. (2017). Gender, Subjectivity, and Cultural Work: The Classical Music Profession. London: Routledge.

Schindler, I., Hosoya, G., Menninghaus, W., Beermann, U., Wagner, V., Eid, M., et al. (2017). Measuring Aesthetic Emotions: a Review of The Literature and a New Assessment Tool. https://doi.org/PLoS One 12:e0178899. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178899

Schröder, J. H. (2014). Zur Position der Musikhörenden: Konzeptionen ästhetischer Erfahrung im Konzert. Hofheim: Wolke Verlag.

Statista. (2021). Live Music Industri Revenue Worldwide 2014-2024. Available at: https:// www.Statista.com/statistics/1096424/live-music-industri-revenue-worldwide /(accessed March 22, 2021).

Stirling C. (2019). Orbital Transmissions: Affect and Musical Public-making in. London, DPhil thesis, University of Oxford.

Strinati. (2010). Budaya Populer: Pengantar Menuju Teori Budaya Populer. Cetakan ke-II. Ar Ruzz Media: Yogyakarta.

Theodore Ks. (2013). “Rock 'n Roll Industri Musik Indonesia: Dari Analog ke Digital”. Penerbit Buku Kompas, Jakarta.

Toelle, J., and Sloboda, J. A. (2019). The Audience as Artist? The Audience’s Experience of Participatory Music. Musicae Sci, 25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1029864919844804.

Tröndle, M., and Tschacher, W. (2016). Art Affinity Influences Art Reception (In the Eye of the Beholder). Empir. Stud. Arts, 34, 74–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276237415621187

Tröndle, M., Greenwood, S., Ramakrishnan, C., Uhde, F., Egermann, H., and Tschacher, W. (2020). “Integrated Methods. A pledge for Integrative and Interdisciplinary Research,” in The Oxford Handbook of Empirical Aesthetics, eds O. Vartanian and M. Nadal. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Vuoskoski, J. K., and Eerola, T. (2015). Extramusical Information Contributes to Emotions Induced by Music. Psychol. Music, 43, 262–274. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735613502373

Warde, A., Wright, D., and Gayo-Cal, M. (2007). Understanding Cultural Omnivorousness: Or, The Myth of The Cultural Omnivore. Cult. Sociol, 1, 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1749975507078185




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24821/resital.v24i2.9747

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 300 times
PDF - 215 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.





This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.