Efek Reinstrumentasi Karya Organ Js. Bach Melalui Alih Timbre Terhadap Selera Musik
Abstract
As today teenagers have less appreciation for instrumental works from Baroque era, the objective of this research is to identify the indicators their music preference through timbre shifting of the musical instrument. In the context of the creative economy, this will open opportunities for art music to compete in the music industry. Music has been studied and observed for centuries, and even today, the works of great composers are associated with timeless creations. One factor that has contributed to the continued existence of music is its strong reliance on conductors during performances, especially when presented in orchestral format involving dozens of supporting musicians. Generally, not only do audiences watch a stage filled with musicians, but they also listen to the works of composers in various timbres. Some musics are performed in the form of solo, duet, or as ensemble. However, the challenge for musicians is that the majority of society do not understand art music well due to lack of knowledge and the prevalence of easily accepted popular music. It occurs because music education still upholds the tradition of classifying music into high and low art according to European concepts. Art music carries musicological elements rooted in mathematical discipline, which implicitly requires audiences to have a background in music knowledge, even during performances. In Indonesia, which is currently developing and strengthening its creative economy, creative breakthroughs are needed to make art music more popular and have a positive impact on musicians. In this study, the author implemented a quantitative method with a one-posttest design approach. The sample consisted of teenagers studying art music. The total sample was N=100, consisting of students in music performance vocational program who were given treatment by listening to a recorded toccata in D minor by JS Bach played on the organ and re-instrumented using the electric guitar, electric bass, and synthesizer. The results reveal that the subjects' preference for rock music is significantly influenced by personal preference with p<0.05. Particularly, the predictor of preference has a coefficient of R 0.900 with an R2 of 0.809, indicating that preference contributes 80.9% to the variability of the preferences. Therefore, it can be concluded that the renewing instrumentaion of Baroque music by shifting timbre of electric instruments with rock sensation has an influence on the musical preference of today youth. It happens especially when the ornamentation, one of the characteristic of Baroque music, is played with forte dynamic and blended technique, resulting in piercing and swinging sounds as an effect of electric guitar distortion.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi indikator selera musik remaja masa kini yang kurang menyukai karya instrumental era Barok (musik seni) melalui rekayasa warna suara (timbre) alat musiknya. Karena dalam konteks ekonomi kreatif akan membuka peluang musik seni untuk berkompetisi dalam dunia industri musik. Selama ini musik seni telah berabad lamanya dipelajari dan ditekuni hingga saat ini bahkan karya-karya para komponis besar diasosiasikan dengan karya abadi. Salah satu faktor yang menjadikan eksistensi musik seni hingga sekarang adalah karena dalam pertunjukkannya sangat dipengaruhi oleh konduktor. Terutama sekali jika karya tersebut dipertunjukkan dalam format orkestra yang melibatkan puluhan musisi pendukung. Di satu sisi secara visual selain menyaksikan panggung penuh dengan musisi juga mendengarkan karya para komponis dalam berbagai macam warna suara. Sementara di sisi lain, ada musik seni yang dimainkan secara solo, duet atau kelompok (musik kamar). Pada kenyataannya, tantangan musisi musik seni adalah karena sebagian besar masyarakat tidak paham musik seni baik karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan maraknya musik industri yang jauh lebih mudah dicerna. Hal ini terjadi karena dalam pendidikan musik seni pun masih mempertahankan tradisi seni tinggi sesuai dengan sumbernya di Eropah. Musik seni memiliki muatan musikologi yang berasal dari disiplin matematika sehingga dalam bentuk pertunjukanpun secara implisit mensyaratkan audiens memiliki latar belakang pengetahuan musik. Indonesia yang sedang mengembangkan serta memperkuat ekonomi kreatif maka diperlukan terobosan kreatif agar musik seni dapat semakin digemari sehingga membawa dampak positif bagi musisi musik seni. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan one posttest design only dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja yang sedang belajar musik seni. Total sampel sebanyak N=100 terdiri dari mahasiswa program vokasi penyajian musik yang diberi intervensi dengan mendengarkan rekaman toccata in d-minor karya JS Bach untuk alat musik organ dan yang sudah direinstrumentasi menggunakan alat musik gitar, bas elektrik dan synthesizer. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa selera subjek terhadap musik rock secara signifikan lebih ditentukan oleh preferensi pribadi dengan p<0.05. Terutama dengan prediktor preferensi yang memiliki koefisien R 0.900 dengan R2 0.809 sehingga preferensi memberi sumbangsih sebanyak 80.9% terhadap variabilitas selera. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa reinstrumentasi musik barok menggunakan warna suara instrumen elektrik dengan sensasi rock memiliki pengaruh terhadap selera musik subjek remaja. Terutama sekali ketika pada bagian ornamentasi sebagai ciri khas musik barok dibunyikan dalam dinamika forte dengan teknik blend sehingga terdengar melengking dan mengayun sebagai efek dari suara distorsi gitar elektrik.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24821/resital.v24i2.9747
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