Cityscapes in Sound: Tracing Urban Perceptions in Pop Music’ Lyrics and Sentiments Across Decades
Abstract
This study examines the representation of urban environments in popular music, analyzing how songs within similar eras depict particular perceptions of cities. The methodology consists of two main stages: systematic song selection from the mid-20th century to the present based on explicit urban references, followed by detailed song analysis using Python-based Natural Language Processing to measure urban theme strength, Pearson correlation analyses, and thematic assessments with TF-IDF and NMF techniques. Findings reveal a shift from mid-20th century idealistic views of urban life to more complex and nuanced representations reflecting contemporary social and economic realities. This evolution underscores pop music’s role as a mirror of urban experiences, capturing the vibrancy, challenges, and contradictions of city life. Limitation of the study includes the reliance on popularity metrics, as these may not fully capture a song’s cultural significance due to demographic biases and the influence of streaming algorithms. Nonetheless, this research contributes to urban studies and musicology by highlighting the intricate relationship between cultural expressions and urban perceptions. It suggests that utilizing pop songs as a methodological tool offers a novel way of understanding urban perception, providing an alternative to traditional studies that primarily focus on individual experiences.
Penelitian ini mengkaji representasi lingkungan perkotaan dalam musik populer, menganalisis bagaimana lagu-lagu dalam era yang serupa menggambarkan persepsi tertentu tentang kota. Metodologi yang digunakan terdiri dari dua tahap: pemilihan lagu sistematis dari pertengahan abad ke-20 hingga saat ini berdasarkan referensi perkotaan yang eksplisit, diikuti dengan analisis lagu terperinci menggunakan Pemrosesan Bahasa Alami berbasis Python untuk mengukur kekuatan tema perkotaan, analisis korelasi Pearson, dan penilaian tematik dengan teknik TF-IDF dan NMF. Temuan mengungkapkan pergeseran dari pandangan idealistik kehidupan perkotaan di pertengahan abad ke-20 menjadi representasi yang lebih kompleks, mencerminkan realitas sosial dan ekonomi kontemporer. Evolusi ini menegaskan peran musik pop sebagai cermin pengalaman perkotaan, menangkap kehidupan kota yang penuh semangat, tantangan, dan kontradiksi. Keterbatasan studi ini termasuk ketergantungan pada metrik popularitas, karena ini mungkin tidak sepenuhnya menangkap signifikansi budaya sebuah lagu karena bias demografis dan pengaruh algoritma streaming. Namun demikian, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi kepada studi perkotaan dan musikologi dengan menyoroti hubungan rumit antara ekspresi budaya dan persepsi perkotaan, membentuk bagaimana kehidupan kota dialami dan dipahami. Makalah ini menyarankan bahwa menggunakan lagu pop sebagai alat metodologis menawarkan cara baru untuk memahami persepsi perkotaan, menyediakan alternatif untuk studi tradisional yang kebanyakan berfokus pada pengalaman individu.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alves, D., & Queiroz, A. I. (2013). Studying urban space and literary representations using GIS: Lisbon, Portugal, 1852-2009. Social Science History, 37(4), 457-481.
Baker, A. J. (2017). Algorithms to assess music cities: case study—Melbourne as a music capital. SAGE Open, 7(1), 2158244017691801.
Baker, A. (2019). Music Cities and the Discourse of Urban Sociability. The Great Music City. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96352-5_2.
Ballico, C., & Watson, A. (Eds.). (2020). Music cities: Evaluating a global cultural policy concept. London: palgrave macmillan.
Hoyle, H. (2020). What is urban nature and how do we perceive it? Naturally challenged: contested perceptions and practices in urban green spaces, 9-36.
Huang, Q. (2019). Research on the Inheritance Value of Urban Music Culture. Argos, 36.
Ioannou, B., Kalnis, G., & Nicolaou, L. (2021). Public space at the “palm of a hand”: Perceptions of urban projects through digital media. Urban Planning, 6(4), 242-256.
Li, Y. W. (2003). Evaluating the urban commute experience: A time perception approach. Journal of Public Transportation, 6(4), 41-67.
McArthur, L. Z., & Baron, R. M. (1983). Toward an ecological theory of social perception. Psychological review, 90(3), 215.
Moreno-Vera, F., Lavi, B., & Poco, J. (2021, December). Quantifying urban safety perception on street view images. In IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (pp. 611-616).
NAGHIZADEH, M., & Ostadi, M. (2014). The application of tactile experience in urban perception. Nasar, J. L. (1989). Perception, cognition, and evaluation of urban places. Public places and spaces, 31-56. North, A. C.,
Krause, A. E., & Ritchie, D. (2021). The relationship between pop music and lyrics: A computerized content analysis of the United Kingdom’s weekly top five singles, 1999–2013.Psychology of Music, 49(4), 735-758.
Nunes, J. C., Ordanini, A., & Valsesia, F. (2015). The power of repetition: Repetitive lyrics in a song increase processing fluency and drive market success. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 25(2), 187-199.
Roberts, A. M., & Widger, E. (2020). Walking, Identity and Visual Perception in Romantic and Modernist Literature. In Distributed Cognition in Victorian Culture and Modernism. Edinburgh University Press.
Rotella, C. (2018). Urban literature: A user’s guide. Journal of Urban History, 44(4), 797-805.
Shapiro, S. (2017). Music can improve our cities. So why isn’t music urbanism a thing? - City Monitor.
City Monitor. https://citymonitor.ai/community/culture/music-can-improve-our-cities-so-why- isn-t-music-urbanism-thing-3265
Shapiro, S. (2018). Time To Define Music Urbanism. A little over a year ago I published an… | by Shain Shapiro, PhD | Medium. https://shainshapiro.medium.com/time-to-define-music-urbanism- eea403741391
Silva Gouveia, A. P., Lena Farias, P., & Souza Gatto, P. (2009). Letters and cities: reading the urban environment with the help of perception theories. Visual Communication, 8(3), 339-348.
Sims, C. R. (2016). Rate–distortion theory and human perception. Cognition, 152, 181-198.
Van der Hoeven, A., & Hitters, E. (2019). The social and cultural values of live music: Sustaining urban live music ecologies. Cities, 90, 263-271.
Viriri, A., Viriri, A., & Chapwanya, C. (2011). The influence of popular music, in particular urban grooves lyrics on the Zimbabwean youth: The case of the Troika, Maskiri, Winky D and Extra Large. Muziki, 8(1), 82-95.
Watson, A., Hoyler, M., & Mager, C. (2009). Spaces and Networks of Musical Creativity in the City.
Geography Compass, 3, 856-878.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24821/jousa.v11i1.12676
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 0 timesPDF - 0 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. ISSN 2355-2131 (print) | ISSN 2355-214X (online).